How to Grow Orchid

Flickingeria fimbriata (Blume) A.D. Hawkes 1961

Common Name The Fringed Flickingeria - in Thailand Kut hin

Flower Size 1 to 2" [2.5 cm to 5 cm]

Found in the Chinese Himalayas, Assam, eastern Himalayas, India, Nepal, Andaman Islands, Nicobar Islands, Penninsular Malaysia, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, China, Borneo, Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, Lesser Sunda Islands and the Philippines on open rocks and bluffs along streams and rivers in lowland evergreen and medium elevation semi-deciduous forests at elevations of 200 to 1300 meters as a large sized, hot to warm growing epiphyte with long, stout branching rhizome with compressed, freely branching stems giving rise to yellow, compressed, pseudobulbs carrying oblong-elliptic, acute leaves that blooms in the spring, summer and fall on a single flowered inflorescence with sweetly scented, short-lived flowers.

Synonyms Callista binnendykii (Rchb.f.) Kuntze 1891; Callista flabella [Rchb.f]Kuntze 1891; Callista kunstleri (Hook.f.) Kuntze 1891; Callista macraei (Lindl.) Kuntze. 1891; Dendrobium binnendijkii Rchb.f. 1865; Dendrobium fimbriatum [Bl.] Lindl. 1830; Dendrobium flabellum Rchb.f 1857; Dendrobium insulare Steudel 1840; Dendrobium kunstleri Hook.f. 1890; Dendrobium macraei Lindl. 1830; Dendrobium mentosum Schltr. 1911; Dendrobium plicatile Lindl. 1840; Dendrobium rabanii Lindl. 1859; Desmotrichum binnendijkii (Rchb.f.) Kraenzl. 1910; *Desmotrichum fimbriatum Blume 1825; Desmotrichum kunstleri (Hook.f.) Kraenzl. 1910; Ephemerantha fimbriata (Blume) P.F. Hunt & Summerh. 1961; Ephemerantha kunstleri (Hook.f.) P.F.Hunt & Summerh. 1961; Ephemerantha macraei (Lindl.) P.F.Hunt & Summerh. 1961; Flickingeria binnendijkii (Rchb.f.) A.D.Hawkes 1965; Flickingeria kunstleri (Hook.f.) A.D.Hawkes 1965; Flickingeria rabanii (Lindl.) Seidenf. 1980

References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; Xenia Orchidaceae vol 2 Rchb.f 1862 as Dendrobium binnendijkii Drawing fide; Xenia Orchidaceae vol 2 Rchb.f 1862 as Dendrobium flabellum fide; Orchids of Burma Grant 1895/1995 as D macraei; Die Orchideen Von Java J.J.Sm. 1905 as Dendrobium flabellum; Die Orchideen Von Java J.J.Sm. 1905 as Dendrobium macraei; The Orchids of Thailand Seidenfaden & Smitinand 1959 as Dendrobium fimbriatum drawing, photo fide; AOS Bulletin Vol 47 No 7 1978 as Dendrobium fimbriatum; AOS Bulletin Vol 47 No 7 1978 as Dendrobium plicatile; Orchidiana Philipiniana Vol 1 Valmayor 1984; AOS Bulletin Vol 54 No 3 1985; Orchids of Java Comber 1990; The Orchids of Pennisular Malaysia and Singapore Wood & Seidenfaden 1992; A Checklist of the Orchids of Borneo Wood & Cribb 1994; Lindleyana Vol 15 No 4 2000; Orchids of Sumatra Comber 2001; Orchid Flora of Kamrup District Assam Iswar Chandra Barua 2001 as F macraei; A Field Guide to the Wild Orchids of Thailand Vaddhanaphuti 2001; Lindleyana Vol 17 No 1 2002 as F binnendijkii; Lindleyana Vol 17 No 1 2002; Flora Malesiana Orchids of the Philippines Vol I Agoo, Shuiteman and de Vogel 2003; The Dendrobiums H. P. Wood 2006

Dendrobium crumenatum Swartz 1799

Common Name The Purse-Shaped Dendrobium - The Pigeon Orchid - The Bag-Shaped Dendrobium [refers to the saccate mentum]

Flower Size 2" or less [5 cm or less]

Commonly called the pigeon orchid, it is found in Chinese Himalayas, Taiwan, India, Sri Lankha, Andaman Islands, Myanamar, Thailand, Malaysia, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Lesser Sunda Islands, Moluccas,Sulawesi, Sumatra, New Guinea, Christmas Islands and the Philippines in semi-deciduous and deciduous dry lowland forests and savana-like woodlands at an altitude of sealevel to 500 meters and grows small to large sized, warm to hot, best mounted on wood with spindle shaped, swollen basally for a few nodes, ridged, yellow with age stems that can branch, carrying, 4 to 19, thick, leathery, eventually deciduous leaves that will flower on the upper nodes of the leafless older canes with several to many fragrant flowers, albeit for only a few hours, after a temperature drop and rain. It has a tendency to keiki and when there are 2 small pseudobulbs and a third starting they can be broken away from the old pseudobulb and mounted to a small branch. Thsi species is often found in conjunction with ants and may benefit from their presence.

In Malacca, a state within Penninsular Malaysia the pounded leaves are applied to pimples and boils as a curative.

In Java the fruits of this species along with fruits [not necassarily all together] from Plocoglottis javanica, Bulbophyllum vaginatum and Hippeophyllum scortechnii; are boiled and the juice is applied into ones ears for an earache

Also in Java the flowers are ground to make a material to use for those with cholera.

Synonyms *Angraecum crumenatum Rhump.; Aporum crumenatum (Sw.) Brieger 1981; Aporum ephemerum (J.J.Sm.) Rauschert 1983; Aporum kwashotense (Hayata) Rauschert 1983; Aporum papilioniferum (J.J.Sm.) Rauschert 1983; Aporum scalpelliforme (Teijsm. & Binn.) Rauschert 1983; Callista crumenatum [Sw.] O.Ktze. 1891; Ceraia ephemera (J.J.Sm.) M.A.Clem. 2003; Ceraia papilionifera (J.J.Sm.) M.A.Clem. 2003; Ceraia parviflora (Ames & C.Schweinf.) M.A.Clem. 2003; Ceraia simplicissima Lour. 1791; Dendrobium caninum Merr. 1921; Dendrobium ceraia Lindley 1830; Dendrobium coninum Sw. ?; Dendrobium crumenatum var. parviflora Ames & C.Schweinf. in ?; Dendrobium cumulatum Krzl not Lindley ?; Dendrobium ephemerum (J.J.Sm.) J.J.Sm. in E.D.Merrill 1917; Dendrobium kwashotense Hayata 1914; Dendrobium papilioniferum J.J.Sm. 1905; Dendrobium papilioniferum var. ephemerum J.J.Sm 1905; Dendrobium schmidtianum Krzl. 1902; Dendrobium simplicissimum [Loureiro]Kraenzlin 1910; Epidendrum caninum Burm. f. 1768; Epidendrum ceraia Raeusch. 1797; Onychium crumenatum [Sw] Blume 1825

References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; Orchids of Burma Grant 1895/1995; Die Orchideen Von Java J.J.Sm. 1905; AOS Bulletin Vol 28 No 4 1959; The Orchids of Thailand Seidenfaden & Smitinand 1959 drawing as D schmidtianum; The Orchids of Thailand Seidenfaden & Smitinand 1959 drawing photo fide; Orquideologia Vol 12 3/4 1977/8; AOS Bulletin Vol 47 No 6 1978; Orchid Digest Vol 42 No 5 1978 photo; AOS Bulletin Vol 48 No 3 1979 photo; Orchids of Java Comber 1990; A Checklist of the Orchids of Borneo Wood & Cribb 1994; Orchid Australia Vol 12 No 1 2000 photo; Orchids of Sumatra Comber 2001; The Orchids of the Philippines Cootes 2001; Lindleyana Vol 17 No 1 2002; Lindleyana Vol 17 No 1 2002 as D ephemerum; Flora Malesiana Orchids of the Philippines Vol I Agoo, Shuiteman and de Vogel 2003; AOS Bulletin Vol 73 No 8 2004; The Dendrobiums H. P. Wood 2006

Dendrobium capra J.J. Sm. 1910

Common Name The Goat-Like Dendrobium [refers to the erect petals]

Flower Size 1.2" [3 cm]

Found in the Lesser Sunda Islands and Eastern Java at lower elevations as a miniature to medium sized, hot to warm growing epipihyte with erect, somewhat fractiflex, dull green, centrally swollen canes carry 4 to 7, linear-lanceolate, acute leaves that are shiney green and when young may have black spots that blooms in the fall and early winter on an axillary, 4 to 12" [10 to 31 cm] long, laxly flowered inflorescence carrying 5 to 20 flowers. This species needs a dry winter rest for 1 to 2 months and fertilizer should be withheld until the spring.

Synonyms Cepobaculum capra (J.J.Sm.) M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones 2002

References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; AOS Bulletin Vol 51 No 2 1982 photo; Orchid Species Culture Dendrobium Bakers 1996; Orchids of Java Comber 1990

Coelogyne pandurata Lindley 1853

ommon Name The Lute-Shaped Coelogyne

Flower Size More than 3" [more than 7.5 cm]

This species is a large sized, hot growing epiphyte found on large trees near rivers or terrestrial with well-spaced, strongly compressed, oblong or suborbicular, sulcate pseudobulb carrying 2, apical, plicate, elliptic-lanceolate, leaves with a stout petiole that blooms in late spring-summer out of the center of new leads with up to 15 flowers on a terminal, arched to pendant, 6 to 12" [15 to 30 cm] long, racemose inflorescence. The simulataneously opening flowers are highly fragrant of honey but are short lived. From Malaya to Borneo, this orchid needs wire basket culture as it spreads out quite rapidly and sphagnum with wood chips as media works best and the best time to repot is when the new lead emerges.

Synonyms Coelogyne peltastes var. unguiculata J.J.Sm. 1927; Pleione pandurata (Lindl.) Kuntze 1891

References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; Xenia Orchidaceae vol 2 Rchb.f 1862 drawing fide; AOS Bulletin Vol 27 No 5 1958 drawing; AOS Bulletin Vol 32 No 5 1963; Orchidiana Philipiniana Vol 1 Valmayor 1984; A Checklist of the Orchids of Borneo Wood & Cribb 1994; Oasis Vol 1 No 3 2000 photo; Orchid Australia Vol 12 No 3 2000 photo; Orchids of Sumatra Comber 2001; The Genus Coelogyne A Synopsis, D A Clayton 2002; Flora Malesiana Orchids of the Philippines Vol I Agoo, Shuiteman and de Vogel 2003; Orchid Digest Vol 71 No 1 2007 photo

Coelogyne dayana [Rchb.f]Rolfe 1864

Intro: Coelogyne dayana is native to the island of Borneo. This beautiful species has tapered conical pseudobulbs that reach 7 inches in size. The bifoliate, long, stiff, pleated leaves are about 2 feet in length. The flower spikes emerge several times per year and can be up to three feet or more in length. The flowers have a nice woody-nutmeg fragrance. This is a spectacular species as the spikes cascade down all around the pot. **Click on the highlighted text for direct links to product pages** Light: Medium light as for Phalaenopsis to Cattleyas Bright defused light is best. An east window will be good light in an average home. This plant will also do well under high pressure sodium fixtures at a distance of 4 feet away from the bulb. P.L. Lights systems are a great way to provide artificial light to your orchids. See our P.L. Lights page for more information on this great product we offer. Temperature: Intermediate to warm with winter days being 70 to 80 degrees Fahrenheit and winter night time lows being between 58 and 64 degrees. Summer temps can be a few degrees warmer. Humidity: 50% or higher is ideal. The use of humidity trays or room humidifiers is beneficial. We offer two products that can help increase humidity levels. The humidity tray offered in black or white, and the Mist Maker. Please click on the underlined text f Water: It is best to use rainwater, distilled or reverse osmosis water. Municipal water with a pH of 7.5 or lower can also be used. Water as the mix approaches dryness but do not allow the mix to become completely dry between watering. This plant has hairy roots and requires frequent watering to do well. The pseudobulbs are naturally furrowed but if the mix is allowed to dry to much between watering the bulbs will begin to shrivel. If this does happen simply keep moist and the bulbs will re-hydrate. Overwatering can cause several problems such as root rot and infectious bacteria/fungus in the potting medium. One product we offer that can help these problems if caught at an early stage is Phyton 27 bactericide and fungicide. Fertilizer: We highly recommend using Green Jungle Orchid Food, especially formulated to work with rain, distilled, reverse osmosis water or water low in alkalinity. Fertilize with Green Jungle every time you water if plants are planted in bark. Be sure to flush the mix with clear water only once per month to prevent fertilizer salt build up. For plants in moss or mounted on slabs feed every third or 4th watering as the moss holds a lot of nutrients. Or use GrowMore 20-10-20 Ureafree for municipal or well water. Use at the rate of ½ teaspoon per gallon. If using GrowMore with rain, distilled, or reverse osmosis water, add back in 5 - 10% municipal or well water to supply the necessary calcium and magnesium. Fertilize every other watering in the summer and every third watering in the winter. Another fertilizer offered is: GrowMore 6-30-30 (Cymbidium and bloom boosting formula). Flowering: This species is quite amazing as mature plants can bloom 5 or 6 times per year! The inch and a half flowers are colored in light straw yellow, tan and chocolate. They have a fragrance reminiscent of a tropical wood with a hint of nutmeg. The flowers are not long lasting being in bloom for 2-3 weeks. They are well worth growing as a plant can produce several spikes that are slightly behind one another giving one several weeks of bloom. The flower spike are pendulous in nature and develop rather quickly. It is important that while flowering the plant be kept slightly more moist at the roots. Repotting: The best mix we have found is New Zealand sphagnum moss. The plants grow very well in this medium as they like moisture. Repot in the spring to early summer months after flowering. Plastic pots are best. We offer several different types of potting medium. Here are direct links to what we believe to be some of the best potting mediums available for orchids: Orchids Limited bark mix, New Zealand sphagnum moss, coco husk, coco peat, sponge rock,charcoal, tree fern fiber, osmunda fiber and cork slabs for epiphytic plants.

Coelogyne asperata Lindl. 1849

Common Name possibly refers to the rough surface of the lip

Flower Size 3" [7.5 cm]

Found at elevations below 1000 meters in Sulawesi, the Moluccas, Borneo, Java, Sumatra, the Philippines, Papua and New Guinea, Malaysia and the Solomon Islands in swamp forests at elevations of sea-level to 600 meters as a large sized, hot to warm growing epiphytic or sometimes lithophytic species in primary forests near rivers and streams at elevations of sealevel to 1600 meters with somewhat compressed, ribbed, broadly conical pseudobulbs carrying oblanceolate, long-petiolate, plicate leaves that blooms in the spring and summer on a terminal, arching, 1 1/2' [45 cm] long, crowded proteranthous inflorescence with ovate, large, dry, concave floral bracts and has 15 to 40, short-lived, fragrant, heavy textured, waxy flowers arising from the apex of a new growth.

Synonyms Coelogyne edelfeldtii F. Muell. & Kraenzl. 1894; Coelogyne lourii Paxton 1849; Coelogyne lowii Paxton 1849; Coelogyne macrophylla Teijsm. & Binn. 1867; Coelogne pustulosa Ridley 1886; Cymbidium robustum Gilli 1980 publ. 1983; Pleione asperata (Lindl.) Kuntze. 1891

References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; The Orchidaceae of German New Guinea Schlechter 1914/1985 as Coelogne pustulosa; AOS Bulletin Vol 27 No 4 1958 photo; AOS Bulletin Vopl 32 nO 5 1963; Orchidiana Philipiniana Vol 1 Valmayor 1984; AOS Bulletin Vol 56 No 2 1987 photo; AOS Bulletin Vol 62 No 1 1993 photo; A Checklist of the Orchids of Borneo Wood & Cribb 1994; Orchids of Sumatra Comber 2001; Lindleyana Vol 17 No 1 2002; The Genus Coelogyne A Synopsis, D A Clayton 2002; Flora Malesiana Orchids of the Philippines Vol I Agoo, Shuiteman and de Vogel 2003; Flora Malesiana Orchids of New Guinea Vol III Shuiteman and de Vogel 2006

Bulbophyllum lobbii Lindley 1847

Common Name Lobb's Bulbophyllum

Flower Size 3-4" Across [7.5 to 10 cm]

This unifoliate, small to medium sized, hot to warm growing epiphytic species is from Borneo, Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines at altitudes of 200 to 2000 meters in lowland and montane forests on trunks and main branches of trees and has well spaced pseudobulbs with a persistent sheath that split into yellow fibers and carries a single, apical, leathery leaf and blooms on an erect, to 6" [15 cm] long, single flowered inflorescence that arises from a node on the rhizome and blooms in the summer on a large, fragrant, single flower on each new pseudobulb held at mid leaf. They are hot to warm growing and do best mounted or in a pot with a well draining medium and regular water and fertilizer but have caution, as the new pseudobulbs develop, is when fungus will occur from overwatering.

Synonyms Bullbophyllum claptonense Rolfe 1905; Bullbophyllum henshallii Lindley 1852; Bulbophyllum lobbii Lindley var henshallii [Lindley]Henfrey 1852; Bulbophyllum lobbii Lindley var siamense Rchb.f 1882; Bulbophyllum siamense Rchb.f 1867; Phyllorchis lobbii (Lindl.) Kuntze 1891; Sarcobodium lobbii (Lindl.) Beer 1854; Sarcopodium lobbii Lindley 1850; Sarcopodium lobbii Lindley var henshallii Henfr. 1850; Sestochilos uniflorum Breda 1827/29

References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; The Orchids of Burma Grant 1895/95; Die Orchideen Von Java J.J.Sm. 1905; AOS bulletin Vol 27 No 1 1958 drawing; The Orchids of Thailand Seidenfaden & Smitinand 1959 drawing, photo fide; AOS Bulletin Vol 50 No 9 1981 photo; AOS Bulletin Vol 52 No 9 1983 photo; Orchidiana Philipiniana Vol 1 Valmayor 1984; AOS Bulletin Vol 56 No 12 1987 photo; A Checklist of the Orchids of Borneo Wood & Cribb 1994; AOS Bulletin Vol 69 No 10 2000 photo; Bulbophyllums and Their Allies Seigerist 2001; Botanica's Orchids Laurel Glen 2001; Australian Orchid Review Vol 67 No 2 2002 photo; Orchids of Malaya Holtum 1953; Orchids of Penninsular Malaysia and Singapore Seidenfadden and Wood 1992 drawing fide; Encyclopedia of Cultivated Orchids Hawkes 1987; Manual of Orchids Stewart 1995; Orchids of Penninsular Malaysia Teo 1985; Manual of Cultivated Orchids Bechtel, Cribb & Laurent 1982; Orchid Genera in Thailand Vol VIII Bulbiphyllum Thou. Seidenfaden 1990; Orchids of Borneo Vol 2 Vermeullen 1991; An Illustrated Encyclopedia of Orchids Pridgeon 1982; A to Z of SE ASian Orchids O'Byrne 2001; Orchids of the Philippines Cootes 2001 photo fide; Simon & Schuster's Guide to Orchids 1988; Orchids of Java Comber 1990 photo fide; Orchids of Sumatra Comber 2002 photo fide; Australian Orchid Review Vol 68 No 5 2003 photo; Flora Malesiana Orchids of the Philippines Vol I Agoo, Shuiteman and de Vogel 2003; AOS Bulletin Vol 73 No 3 2004; Australian Orchid Review Vol 70 No 3 2005; Australian Orchid Review Vol 71 No 5 2006 photo; AOS Bulletin Vol 77 No 12 2008 photo

Bulbophyllum echinolabium J.J. Sm. 1934

Common Name The Bulbophyllum with the Hedge-Hog Shaped Lip

Flower Size 16" [40 cm]

This unifoliate, epiphytic species is found in Sulawesi and Borneo and has the largest flower in Bulbophyllum that blooms on a basal, 28" [70 cm] long, successively, single flowered inflorescence that slowly extends with up to 10, unpleasant smelling flowers, the largest flower of the genus occuring in the spring and summer . Best given hot to warm temperatures, good air circulation, high humidity, frequent waterings and can be grown in pots or wooded baskets with a loose open medium.

References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; Australian Orchid Review Vol 65 No 6 2000 photo; Bulbophyllum and Their Allies Seigerist 2001; A to Z of SE Asian Orchids O'Byrne 2001 photo fide; Lindleyana Vol 17 No 1 2002; Australian Orchid Review Vol 68 No 1 2003 photo; AOS Bulletin Vol 73 No 3 2004 photo; AOS Bulletin Vol 75 No 6 2006 photo; Orchid Digest Vol 71 No 1 2007 photo; AOS Bulletin Vol 77 No 11 2008 photo

Brassavola nodosa [L.]Lindley 1831

Common Name Lady of the Night or Knobby Brassavola

Flower Size 3 1/2" [8.75 cm]

This hardy, medium sized, hot growing epiphyte or lithophyte has cylindrical, short stems enveloped by scarious sheaths with a single, sub-terete, sulcate,acute-apiculate leaf. I collected this plant in Honda, Colombia in July of 1995 and mounted it on wood, given moderate shade and high humidity and it's first bloom opened 6/7/97. It has a nice, citrus fragrance at night and the flowers are close to 4" across and occur in the spring and summer but are possible at any time on a 8" [20 cm] long, bracteate inflorescence that arises on a newly maturing psuedobulb that carries a single, long, sub-terete leaf that carries up to 6 flowers. They are found from Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Caymans, Aruba, Curacao, Bonaire, Puerto Rico?, French Guaian, Surinam, Guyana, Venzuela, Colombia and Brazil from sea level to about 500 meters as epiphytes or lithophytes and can be quite salt tolerant. I have found them growing on the roots of mangroves in Cozumel, Mexico at sea level.

Synonyms Bletia nodosa Rchb.f 1861; Bletia rhopalorrhachis (Rchb.f.) Rchb.f. 1862; Brassavola gillettei Jones 1967; Brassavola grandiflora Lindley 1839; Cymbidium nodosum Sw. 1799; *Epidendrum nodosum L. 1753

References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; Lankester's Epidendra Website CR ; Sp. Pl. 2: 953. 1753 as Epidendrum nodosa; Bonplandia Rchb.f 1854 as B grandiflora; Bonplandia Rchb.f 1856; Ann. Bot. Syst. 6: 437. 1862 as Bletia nodosa; Xenia Orchidaceae vol 2 Rchb.f 1862 as Bletia nodosa; Xenia Orchidaceae vol 2 Rchb.f 1862 as Bletia rhopalorrhachis; Symbolae Antillanae Vol VI Orchidaceae Urban 1909; Repert. Sp. Nov. Regni. Veg. Beih. 17: 49. Panama Schlechter 1922; Repert. Sp. Nov. Regni. Veg. Beih. 19: 222. Costa Rica Schlechter 1923; AOS Bulletin Vol 26 No 2 1957; AOS Bulletin Vol 27 No 6 1958; Venezuelan Orchids Illustrated Vol 1 Dunsterville & Garay 1959; AOS Bulletin Vol 31 No 1 1962 photo; AOS Bulletin Vol 32 No 10 1963; Encyclopedia of Cultivated Orchids Hawkes 1965; AOS Bulletin Vol 39 No 4 1970 drawing; AOS Bulletin Vol 39 No 7 1970 photo; AOS Bulletin Vol 47 No 6 1978 photo; AOS Bulletin Vol 48 No 5 1979; AOS Bulletin Vol 49 No 8 1980 photo; Orchid Digest Vol 47 No 3 1983 photo; AOS Bulletin Vol 62 No 5 1993 photo; AOS Bulletin Vol 62 No 7 1993 photo; AOS Bulletin Vol 63 No 3 1994 photo; Manual of Orchids Stewart 1995; AOS Bulletin Vol 65 No 9 1996 drawing; AOS Bulletin Vol 67 No 2 1998 photo; The Cattleyas and Their Relatives Vol V Withner 1998 as B grandiflora; The Cattleyas and Their Relatives Vol V Withner 1998; Orchids of Malaya Holtum 1953; Orchidaceae Antillanae Nir 2000; Orchids of Venezuela ; An Illustrated Field Guide Dunsterville & Gary 1979; AOS Bulletin Vol 66 No 9 1997 photo; Botanica's Orchids Laurel Glenn 2002; Icones Planetarum Tropicarum Hamer 1982; Icones Planetarum Tropicarum Dodson 1980; Icones Planetarum Tropicarum Mora & Atwood 1993; An Introduction to the OrchidsOf Mexico Wiard 1987; Icones Orchidacearum I Hagsater & Salazar 1990; Orchids of Guatemala & Belize Ames & Correwll 1985; Simon & Schuster's Guide to Orchids Fanfani& Rossi 1988; Field Guide to the Orchids of Costa rica and Panama Dressler 1993; Orchids of Panama Williams 1985; Native Colombian Orhids COS Vol 1 1991; Illustrated Encyclopedia of Orchids Pridgeon 1982; Flora's Orchids Nash & La Croix 2005; Manual of Cultivated Orchids Bechtel, Cribb & Laurent 1982; AOS Bulletin Vol 68 No 5 1999 photo; AOS Bulletin Vol 72 No 5 2003 photo; AOS Bulletin Vol 74 No 2 2005 photo; AOS Bulletin Vol 74 No 7 2005 photo; Vanishing Beauty; Native Costa Rican Orchids Vol 1 Pupulin 2005 ; Vanishing Beauty; Native Costa Rican Orchids Vol 1 Pupulin 2005 as B grandiflora; AOS Bulletin Vol 75 No 1 2006 photo; AOS Bulletin Vol 75 No 2 2006 photo; AOS Bulletin Vol 75 No 6 2006 photo; AOS Bulletin Vol 77 No 12 2006 photo; Orquideas de la Serrania del Baudo Misas Urreta 2006 as B grandiflora; Miniature Orchids Frownie 2007; AOS Bulletin Vol 77 No 12 2008 photo; Orchid Species of Peru Zelenko Bermudez 2009 photo fide

Arundina graminifolia [D Don] Hochr. 1910

Common Name The Grass-Like Leaf Arundina - The Bamboo Orchid

Flower Size 2 1/2" [6.25 cm]

Commonly called the bamboo orchid because of it's thin, tall stem with alternating, lanceolate, acuminate leaves appears as bamboo, it is a giant sized, warm to hot growing, monopodial, terrestrial orchid at elevations of sealevel to 1200 meters and blooms through out the year on a terminal, 3 1/4" [8 cm] long, simple or branched, scapose, bracteate inflorescence that carries 2 to 6, fragrant, Cattleya-like flowers, one at a time, that are short-lasting yet successive so the bloom time is extended. It has the same cultural requirements as Sobralia. This plant has been enlarging it's distribution from Asia as it has colonized many new habitats, including Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Jamaica and Guadeloupe. This species can keiki from just below the raceme after flowering.

Synonyms Arundina affinis Griff. 1851; Arundina bambusifolia [Roxb]Lindley 1831; Arundina cantleyi Hook. f. 1890; Arundina celebica Schltr. 1911; Arundina chinensis Blume 1825; Arundina densa Lindley 1842; Arundina densiflora Hook. f. 1890; Arundina graminifolia var. revoluta (Hook. f.) A.L. Lamb 1994; Arundina maculata J.J. Sm. 1933; Arundina meyenii (Schauer) Rchb. f. 1852; Arundina minor Lindl. 1831; Arundina philippi Rchb. f. 1852; Arundina pulchella Teijsm. & Binn. 1855; Arundina pulchra Miq. 1861; Arundina revoluta Hkr.f 1890; Arundina sanderiana Kraenzl. 1893; Arundina speciosa Bl. 1825; Arundina speciosa var. sarasinorum Schltr. 1925; Arundina stenopetala Gagnep. 1932; Arundina subsessilis Rolfe 1914; Arundina tahitensis Nadeaud 1873; *Bletia graminifolia D. Don 1825; Cymbidium bambusifolium [Lindley]Roxb. 1814; Cymbidium meyenii Schauer 1843; Cymbidium speciosum Reinw. ex Lindl. 1859; Donacopsis laotica Gagnep. 1932; Limodorum graminifolium [D.Don] Buch.-Ham. 1890; Ophrys arundinacea Noronha 1790

References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; Bonplandia Rchb.f 1855 as A philippii; Orchids of Burma Grant 1895/1995 as A bambusifolia; Die Orchideen Von Java J.J.Sm. 1905 as A speciosa; Die Orchideen Von Java J.J.Sm. 1905 A philippii; Orchids of Malaya Holtum 1957; AOS Bulletin Vol 26 No 2 1957; AOS Bulletin Vol 27 No 10 1959 drawing; AOS Bulletin Vol 28 No 7 1959 photo; Encyclopedia of Cultivated Orchids Hawkes 1965; The Orchids of Thailand Seidenfaden & Smitinand 1959; Orchids of Penninsular Malaysia Teo 1985; AOS Bulletin Vol 52 No 3 1983 photo; AOS Bulletin Vol 39 No 10 1970 photo; Orquideologia Vol 12 No 1 1977; AOS Bulletin Vol 56 No 7 1987 photo; Orchids of Java Comber 1990; The Orchids of Penninsular Malysia and Singapore Seidenfaden & Wood 1992; A Checklist of the Orchids of Borneo Wood & Cribb 1994; Manual of Cultivated Orchids Bechtel, Cribb and Laurent 1992; AOS Bulletin Vol 62 No 4 1993 photo; Field Guide to the Orchids of Costa Rica and Panama Dressler 1993; Orchids of Borneo Chan, Shim, Lamb & Wood 1994; Manual of Orchids Stewart 1995; Icones Orchidacearum Peruviarum Bennet & Christenson 1995; Wild Orchids of China Tsi, Chen Mori 1997; AOS Bulletin Vol 68 No 5 1999 photo; Native Orchids of China in Colour Singchi, Zhanhuo and Yibo 1999 photo fide; Oasis Vol 1 No 2 2000; Orchidaceae Antillanae Nir 2000; Lindleyana Vol 14 No 4 2000; Orchid Australia Vol 12 No 5 2000 photo; A Field Guide to the Wild Orchids of Thailand Vaddhanaphuti 2001; A to z of SE Asian Orchid Species O'Byrne 2001; Lindleyana Vol 17 No 1 2002; Australian Orchid Review Vol 67 No 4 2002 photo; Botanica's Orchids Laurel Glen 2002; Orchid Flora of Kamrup District, Assam Iswar Chandra Barua 2001; Orchids of Sumatra Comber 2001; Beautiful Orchids of Nepal Rajbhandari & Bhattarai 2001; Orchids of Bhutan Pearce & Cribb 2002; Wild Orchids in Myanamar Vol 2 Tanaka 2004; Flora's Orchid Nash & La Croix 2005; Vanishing Beauty; Native Costa Rican Orchids Vol 1 Pupulin 2005; AOS Bulletin Vol 75 No 10 2006 photo; Flora Malesiana Orchids of New Guinea Vol III Shuiteman and de Vogel 2006; Native Orchids From Gaoligongshan Maountains, China Xiaohua, Xiaodong and Xiaochun 2009 photo fide;

Arachnis flos-aeris (L.) Rchb. f. 1886

Common Name The Air Flower Arachnis

Flower Size 4" [10 cm]

Found on the Malaysian pennisula as well as Sumatra, Java, Borneo and the Philippines in mangroves and along rivers at elevations of sea level to 1000 meters as a as a large to giant sized, warm growing monopodial, climbing epiphyte or scrambling lithophyte often over 15' tall, with terete, elongate, scandent stems carrying ligulate or linear-oblong, curved, slightly twisted, notched and gradually narrowing towards the apex, basally clasping leaves that are pierced below at intervals by roots and blooms on a simple or branched, axillary, to 4' [120 cm] long, ascending to drooping inflorescence with many widely spaced flowers with a strong musky to sweet scent occuring in humid environments almost continuously but most in the fall.

Synonyms Aerides arachnites Sw. 1799; Aerides flosaeris (L.) Sw. 1799; Arachnis flosaeris (L.) Schltr. 1911; Arachnis flosaeris var. gracilis Holttum 1935; Aerides matutinum Willd. 1805; Arachnis moschifera Blume 1826; Arachnanthe flos-aeris Rchb.f 1905; Arachnanthe moschifera Blume 1848; Epidendrum aerosanthum St.-Lag. 1880 ; *Epidendrum flos-aeris L. 1753; Limodorum flos-aeris Sw. 1799; Renanthera arachnites Lindley 1833; Renanthera flos-aeris Rchb.f 1858; Renanthera moschifera [Bl.] Hassk. 1848;

References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; Bonplandia Rchb.f 1857 as Renanthera flos aeris; Xenia Orchidaceae Rchb.f 1854 as Renanthera flos-aeris; Die Orchideen Von Java J.J.Sm. 1905 as Arachnanthe flos aeris; The Orchids of Malaya Holtum 1953; Orchid Digest Vol 42 No 5 1978 photo; Orchid Digest Vol 46 No 5 1982 photo; Orchidiana Philipiniana Vol 1 Valmayor 1984; The Encyclopedia of Cultivated Orchids Hawkes 1987; A Checklist of the Orchids of Borneo Wood & Cribb 1994; Botanica's Orchids Laurel Glen 2002; A to Z of SE Asian Orchids O'Byrne 2001; Manual of Orchids Stewart 2001; Manual of Cultivated Orchids Bechtel, Cribb and Laurent 1992; Flora's Orchids Nash & La Croix 2005; The Illustrated encyclopedia of Orchids Pridgeon 1992; The Orchids of Penninsular Malaysia and Singapore Seidenfaden & Wood 1992; Vanda's Their Botany and Culture Motes 1997; Orchids of Java Comber 1990; Orchids of Borneo Chan, Shim, Lamb & Wood 1994; Orchids of Sumatra Comber 2002

Aerides odorata Reinw. ex Blume 1849

Common Name The Fragrant Aerides - In Thailand Kulap khao - Ueang pao - Kulap krapao pit

Flower Size 1 to 1 3/4" [2.5 to 4.4 cm]

This species is the type species for the genus and is widespread through the Chineses Himalayas, western Himalayas, Assam, Bangladesh, eastern Himalayas, India, Nepal, Andaman Islands, Myanamar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Penninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi and the Philippines occuring in broadleaf evergreen lowland forests as a large to giant sized, highly variable, hot to cool growing epiphyte at elevations of 200 to 2000 meters high up in trees in bright sun with very stout, drooping, branching stems carrying fleshy, incurved, oblong-ligulate, round lobed at the apex, broad, pale green leaves. As it's name implies it is highly fragrant and blooms in the late spring through fall on up to 3, sharply pendant, to 2' [60 cm] long, many [to 30] flowered, cylindric inflorescence that arise out of the leaf axils and as developing can be very sticky and giving rise to many, waxy, very fragrant flowers.

Synonyms Aeeridium odorum Salis. 1812; Aerides ballantiniana Rchb.f. 1885;Aerides cornuta Roxb. 1832; Aerides dayana hort. 1933; Aerides jucunda Rchb.f. 1860; Aerides latifolia (Thunb. ex Sw.) Sw. 1806; Aerides micholitzii Rolfe 1904; Aerides nobilis Warn. 1862; Aerides odorata Reinw. ex Blume 1849; Aerides rohaniana Rchb. f. 1884; Aerides suaveolens Blume 1849; Aerides suavissima Lindley 1849; Aerides virens Lindley 1843; Aerides wilsoniana R.H. Torr. 1885; Epidendrum aerides Rausch 1797; *Epidendrum odoratum Poir. 1810; Limodorum latifolium Thunb. ex Sw. 1799; Orxera cornuta Raf. 1836

References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; Xenia Orchidaceae Rchb.f 1862 as A reichenbachii drawing fide; Orchids of Burma Grant 1895/1995; Orchids of Burma Grant 1895/1995 as Aerides pachyphylla; Die Orchideen Von Java J.J.Sm. 1905; Flora of Malaya Vol 1 Holtum 1953; The Orchids of Thailand Seidenfaden & Smitinand 1959 drawing fide; AOS Bulletin Vol 32 No 11 1963 photo; Encylopedia of Cultivated Orchids Hawkes 1965; AOS Bulletin Vol 39 No 3 1970 photo; AOS Bulletin Vol 47 No 7 1978 photo; The Orchids Of Penninsular Malaysia and Singapore Seidenfaden & Wood 1982; Orchid DIgest Vol 48 No 3 1984; AOS Bulletin Vol 54 No 3 1985; Orchidiana Philippiniana Vol 1 valmayor 1984; Orchids of Java Comber 1990; The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Orchds Pridgeon 1992; AOS Bulletin Vol 62 No 6 1993 photo; A Checklist of the Orchids of Borneo Wood & Cribb 1994; The Orchids of Penninsular Malaysia Teo 1995; Manual of Orchids Stewart 1995; AOS Bulletin Vol 68 No 2 1999 photo; A field Guide to the wild Orchids of Thailand Vaddhanaphuti 2001; Beautiful Orchids of Nepal Rajbhandari & Bhattarai 2001; Orchid Flora Of Kamrup District Assam Iswar Chandra Barua 2001; Orchids of Sumatra Comber 2001; The Orchids of the Philippines Cootes 2001; Australian Orchid Review Vol 67 No 5 2002 photo; Lindleyana Vol 17 No 1 2002; A to Z of SE Asian Orchids O'Byrne 2002; Botanica's Orchids Laurel Glenn 2002; Orchids of Bhutan Pearce & Cribb 2002; Wild Orchids in Myanamar Vol 1 Tanaka 2003; Flora Malesiana Orchids of the Philippines Vol I Agoo, Shuiteman and de Vogel 2003; Flora's Orchids Nash and La Croix 2005; Wild Orchids in Myanamar Vol 3 Tanaka 2007;

Acriopsis javanica Reinw.

Common Name or Meaning

The Lily-Like Leaf Acriopsis - In Thailand - Ruhini

Flower Size

1/2" [1.25 cm]

Moderate shade and humidity as well as hot to warm conditions are required with a dry period when not growing and then ample water while in growth to have this epiphytic orchid bloom in the spring and summer on a basal, 22" [25 cm] long, erect, paniculate inflorescence with many [to 200] flowers arising basally with basal sheaths where it is found in Thailand, Indochina, Malaysia, Indonesia, Borneo, Sulawesi, New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Northern Australia and the Philippines from sealevel to under 1600 meters in altitude in lowland swamps and montane forests as well as semi-deciduous and deciduous dry lowland forests at elevations of sealevel to 700 meters. This small to medium sized epiphyte has small, clustered, ovoid, 5 to 7 noded pseudobulbs and carries 3 to 4 apical, coriaceous, linear, obtuse leaves and has a symbiotic relationship with ants.

In java treatments for fevers associated with Malaria have been treated by boiling the plant and making a broth which is taken by mouth.

Synonyms Acriopsis annamica Finet 1911; Acriopsis crispa Griff.; Acriopsis floribunda Ames 1920; Acriopsis griffithii Rchb. f. 1854; Acriopsis harae Tuyama 1964; Acriopsis insulari-silvatica Fukuy. 1938; !Acriopsis javanica Reinw. ex Blume 1823; Acriopsis javanica var. auriculata Minderh. & de Vogel 1986; Acriopsis javanica var. floribunda (Ames) Minderh. & de Vogel 1986; Acriopsis liliifolia var. auriculata (Minderh. & de Vogel) J.J.Wood 2001 ; Acriopsis picta Lindl. 1843; Acriopsis nelsoniana F.M. Bailey 1883; Acriopsis papuana Kraenzl. ex K. Schum. & Lauterb. 1905; Acriopsis philippinensis Ames 1908; Acriopsis picta Lindl. 1843; Acriopsis sumatrana Schltr. 1900; *Epidendrum liliifolium Koenig 1791; Spathoglottis trivalvis Lindl. 1828

References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; Bonplandia Rchb.f 1854 as A griffithii; Bonplandia Rchb.f 1857 as A javanica; Orchids of Burma Grant 1895/1995; Die Orchideen Von Java J.J.Sm. 1905 as Acriopsis javanica; AOS Bulletin Vol 28 No 4 1959; The Orchids of Thailand Seidenfaden & Smitinand 1959 as A javanica drawing fide; Encylopedia of Cultivated Orchids Hawkes 1965 as A javanica; AOS Bulletin Vol 47 No 6 1978; Manual of Cultivated Orchids Bechtel, Cribb, Laurent 1992 as A javanica; Orchid Monographs Vol 1 De Vogel 1986 as A javanica; A Checklist of the Orchids of Borneo Wood & Cribb 1994; Manual of Orchids Stewart 1995 as A javanica; The Orchids of Penninsular Malaysia Teo 1995 as Acriopsis javanica; The Orchids Of Malaya Holtum 1953 as A javanica; Orchidiana Philippiniana Vol 1 Valmayor 1984; The Orchids of Penninsular Malaysia and Singapore Seidenfaden 7 Wood 1992 as A javanica; A Feild Guide to the Wild Orchids of Thailand Vaddhanaphuti 2001 as A javanica; The A to Z of SE Asian Orchid Species O'Byrne 2001 A liliifolia; The Orchids of the Philippines Cootes as a A javanica; Botanica's Orchids Laurel Glenn 2002; Orchids of Java Comber 1990; Lindleyana Vol 17 No 1 2002; Orchids of Sumatra Comber 2002; Flora Malesiana Orchids of the Philippines Vol I Agoo, Shuiteman and de Vogel 2003; AOS Bulletin Vol 73 No 8 2004 photo; Flora Malesiana Orchids of New Guinea Vol III Shuiteman and de Vogel 2006; Orchids of Bhutan Pearce & Cribb 2007